Mitnick was jailed twice, in 19, and was placed in solitary confinement while in custody, for fear that any access to a phone could lead to nuclear war. He was driven by a desire to learn how such systems worked, but became the most-wanted cyber-criminal of the time. Mitnick used elaborate social engineering schemes, tricking insiders into handing over codes and passwords and using the codes to access internal computer systems. From the 1970s until 1995 Mitnick penetrated some of the most highly-guarded networks in the world, including those of Motorola and Nokia. Remembered as one of the most notorious hackers in internet history, Kevin Mitnick started out with a humble interest in ham radio and computing. Other phreakers included John Draper, known as ‘Captain Crunch’ for his use of a whistle found in a box of Cap’n Crunch cereal, and Apple founders Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, who in 1975 began building ‘blue boxes’, electronic devices that communicated with phone lines. In 1957 Engressia heard a high-pitched tone on a phone line and began whistling along to it at a frequency of 2600Hz – exactly that needed to communicate with phone lines. The unlikely father of phreaking, Joe Engressia, aka Joybubbles, was a blind seven-year-old boy with perfect pitch. Phone hackers, aka ‘phone phreaks’, first emerged in the US in the late 1950s and would listen to tones emitted by phones to figure out how calls were routed. The codebreakers developed Colossus, the world’s first programmable electronic computer, which used thermionic valves to perform boolean and counting operations. Another codebreaking mission at Bletchley involved breaking the Lorenz cipher, which was used by the Germans to transmit high-level military intelligence. In 1939, in the best-known case of military codebreaking, Alan Turing, Gordon Welchman and Harold Keen developed the Bombe, an electromechanical device capable of deciphering German Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages. 1939-1945 Military codebreakingĭuring the Second World War, huge military operations were dedicated to breaking the codes and ciphers used by the Axis Powers to transmit top-secret information, many of which were carried out at Bletchley Park in the UK. Interestingly, Maskelyne himself replied, claiming that his intention had been to unmask Marconi and reveal the vulnerability of his invention. In a letter to the Times newspaper, Fleming asked readers for help to unmask the scoundrel responsible for such ‘scientific vandalism’.
#CAPTAIN CRUNCH WHISTLE PHONE HACKER CODE#
In 1903, magician, inventor and wireless technology enthusiast Nevil Maskelyne disrupted John Ambrose Fleming’s first public demonstration of Marconi’s ‘secure’ wireless telegraphy technology by sending insulting Morse code messages discrediting the invention. The discovery of electromagnetic waves in the late 19th century paved the way for Guglielmo Marconi’s wireless telegraph and so the first true feat of hacking. From then on the company chose to only employ female operatives. In 1878, two years after the telephone had been invented by Alexander Graham Bell, the Bell Telephone Company was forced to kick a group of teenage boys off the telephone system in New York for repeatedly and intentionally misdirecting and disconnecting customer calls. In practice they proved a bit too unruly and were more interested in getting to know how the system worked and playing practical jokes than in making proper connections.
The first operators were teenage boys, the logical choice as they had operated the telegraph systems that came before.
In the early days of telephone calls operators were required to connect customers though switchboards.
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